TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. What is Yellow Fever?
2. Who Should Get the Yellow Fever Vaccine?
3. How the Vaccine Works
4. When and Where to Get Vaccinated
5. Possible Side Effects
6. Who Should Not Get the Vaccine?
7. Do You Need a Booster Shot?

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Yellow fever is a serious viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes, particularly in parts of Africa and South America. It can lead to severe illness and, in some cases, even death. 

Fortunately, yellow fever vaccination is a highly effective way to prevent the disease. 

If you’re planning to travel to a country where yellow fever is endemic, or simply want to understand the importance of this vaccine, this complete guide will walk you through everything you need to know.

What is Yellow Fever?

Yellow fever is caused by a virus spread by infected Aedes or Haemagogus mosquitoes. 

The virus gets its name from one of its key symptoms, jaundice, or yellowing of the skin and eyes. 

While some people experience only mild symptoms like fever, chills, and headaches, others may suffer from severe complications, including organ failure, internal bleeding, and death.

There is no specific treatment for yellow fever, which makes prevention through vaccination the best form of protection.

Who Should Get the Yellow Fever Vaccine?

The yellow fever vaccine is recommended for:

• Travelers aged 9 months and older going to countries where yellow fever is found
• Residents in areas where yellow fever is endemic
• Laboratory workers who may be exposed to the yellow fever virus

Certain countries require proof of yellow fever vaccination before allowing entry, especially if you’re arriving from a region where the disease is present. 

This proof is provided in the form of an International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP), often referred to as the “yellow card.”

How the Vaccine Works

The yellow fever vaccine is a live, attenuated virus vaccine, meaning it contains a weakened form of the virus that stimulates the immune system to build protection. The vaccine is:

• Highly effective: Over 95% of people develop immunity within 10 days
• Long-lasting: A single dose provides lifelong protection for most people
• Recognized worldwide as the standard for yellow fever prevention

When and Where to Get Vaccinated

If you’re planning international travel, especially to countries in Sub-Saharan Africa or South America, it’s best to get vaccinated at least 10 days before departure. 

This is the time it takes for the vaccine to become fully effective.

In many countries, yellow fever vaccines are only administered at authorized yellow fever vaccination centers. 

After receiving the shot, you’ll be given the ICVP, which is required for entry into certain countries.

Possible Side Effects

Like all vaccines, the yellow fever shot may cause side effects, though they are usually mild. Common side effects include:

• Low-grade fever
• Headache
• Muscle pain
• Redness or swelling at the injection site

In very rare cases, more serious reactions can occur, especially in people over 60 years old or those with weakened immune systems. 

Always consult with a healthcare professional before receiving the vaccine.

Who Should Not Get the Vaccine?

The yellow fever vaccine is not recommended for:

• Infants younger than 6 months
• People with severe allergies to eggs, chicken proteins, or gelatin
• Individuals with weakened immune systems due to disease or medications
• Pregnant women (unless travel is unavoidable and under medical advice)

If you’re unsure whether the vaccine is safe for you, speak to a doctor to assess your personal health situation.

Do You Need a Booster Shot?

As of 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) states that a single dose of the yellow fever vaccine provides lifelong protection for most people. 

Booster doses are no longer routinely recommended, except for specific individuals, such as those working in high-risk environments.

Final Thoughts

Yellow fever is a potentially fatal disease, but one simple vaccine can offer lifelong protection. 

Whether you’re traveling to high-risk areas or simply taking precautionary measures, understanding the importance, safety, and timing of the yellow fever vaccination is essential.

Stay informed, consult with a travel clinic or healthcare provider, and keep your yellow vaccination card with you when traveling. 

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References:

CDC. Accessed in 2025. Yellow Fever Vaccine.

Mayo Clinic. Accessed in 2025. Yellow fever vaccine (subcutaneous route).

NHS UK. Accessed in 2025. Yellow fever – Vaccination.

Healthline. Accessed in 2025. Yellow Fever.